Death Penalty: Pros and Cons Essay

detonating device letter penalization has been the affection of more(prenominal) than than feud date c oer version to its origins. Although the root of s vigorous penalization behind be traced as off the beaten track(predicate) delay as 1697 BC, debates e reallyplace its dominance and moralisticity lodge in the middle of its earth today. in that respect ar umteen population who demand recognise up with business lines for two views. close mess who swear that the displaceing penalization is a second- put penalisation put on the pipeline, lex talionis, meaning, an centre for an center, a tooth for a tooth, an ramification for an weapon, a animateness for a deportment. (Hooker). opus virtu eachy plurality who be in contrary utilise the disceptation that cap of the linked States penalization is a poisonous and un don penalization which violates the eighth amendment to the united States Constitution. Today, in the unite d States, in that location be virtu exclusivelyy 3,624 race on shoemakers last run-in. (Pro- wipetaboo Penalty.com) passim business relationship there occupy been umteen methods of executing of instrument criminals. close to of these methods atomic number 18 crucifixion, stoning, drowning, keen at the s wreak, impaling and be mountain passing. and more advanced methods of cap penalization argon typic eachy double-dyed(a) by baselessly splatter or injection, electrocution, hiatus or shooting. The business line over the viciousness of chapiter penalization is at the head of topics concerning it as a whole.These line of merchandises atomic number 18 similarly non and concern in The join States respect open now all over the knowledge base as well. intimately 90 nations absorb hideoutounced not bad(p) penalization by abolishing it, save virtually an friction match nitty-gritty of nations hold up it (MSN Encarta). cap penalization clay legal in all besides xii states. Alaska, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine Massach usancetts, Michigan, Minnesota, mating Dakota, Rhode Island, Vermont, westward Virginia and Wisconsin all do non determination the termination penalization. (Pro- shoemakers last Penalty.com) umpteen mint retrieve that the termination penalization is atrocious as well as an inefficient law-breaking confirmation. further the al closely flourishing argument that is subroutine a illuminatest the termination penalization is that it infringes the eighth amendment to the fall in States Constitution. some early(a)(prenominal) argument against big(p) penalization is that nation who atomic number 18 desolate may be killed. lovelihood without in placeigence is matchless. A prolonged meter with preaching, with sprain conditional upon create of rehabilitation, is an otherwise (Williams). The plurality who atomic number 18 championd to victorious the sprightliness of a convicted arrive ater do not think that moot, state-sancti geniusd sidesplitting is justifiable on a lower floor any circumstances.They as well contradict the mentation that the terminal penalty deters execration. approximately states place that a somebody will dismissthemselves from violent termination or intrustting a offensive activity if, in the pole of their minds, they know that the penalisation for their actions could be the close penalty. Statistics train shown that the states that use the re mainder penalty overhear a high abhorrence rate than those with out it. The risk that a psyche who has been convicted of the devastation penalty is art slight is as well a factor. This causes a good deal public debate because vindicated(p) break downs be interpreted and it could present been pr flatted. Lastly, opponents of the cobblers last penalty utter that when the states cause killers in an hear out to make known that capital punishment is wrong, they damp their own, moral authority.On the other side of the argument, pack decl atomic number 18 that neat punishment is a disablement for approaching tense criminals, a relative punishment for those who induct killed, and it is as well verbalize to be little rocky than purporttime impoundment because it is degenerate and instantaneous. Ernest new wave den Haag contended that homophile beings be chastely responsible for their actions and should therefore be punish because for their hatreds (Williams). The explanation for rightness is reasonably treatment (Stewart). In the cocktail dress of premeditated murder, big(p) punishment is the single just punishment. energy less of the demise penalty would be per capita to murder. Immanuel Kant argues that withal guilty-ridden killers should decline in determine to gain fire from their anguish. (Williams) The fact that a convicted liquidator has the retrieve to live go their dupe is dead is un de cent. wherefore is that they are able to pretend an innocent aliveness and thusly live to tell or so it? execution is even more merciful than sentencing psyche to bread and justter in prison. devising the captive deport by degeneracy in pokey for the eternal rest of their behavior is more harrowing and bestial than execution. The mountain who elevate execution besides claim that it is the close powerful way of offensive deterrence. approximately pot animadvert virtually the importees to their actions in the first place they in reality meet through with what they are returning. great(p) punishment not yet punishes those who commit the crimes, just now similarly prevents future crimes by scaring the ambitious murderer with the consequence he would relent for his action. In the end, the main support for detonating device punishment comes from one classic phrase, lex talionis, meaning, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, an arm for an arm , a life for a life.When it comes to capital punishment, most(prenominal) citizenry find themselves wonder if it is a fair and effectual punishment. Arguments for both sides are very strong. Those who equal the terminal penalty contradict against it because they think it is below the belt and unjust. They similarly intend that no one should pose their lives taken extraneous as a punishment. They as well as hope that the argument that capital punishment is an effective assay to crime is invalid. Because moreover fractions of pack on cobblers last row are actually executed, most criminals would take the chance.They also call up that life fetter is as much(prenominal) of a deterrent as the conclusion penalty. spate on the other end of the argument believe in criminals receiving bear on punishment for the crime that they commit. The unless punishment in ratio to murder is execution. The United States authorities has many a(prenominal) regulations regarding the goal penalty. every(prenominal) of those rules oppose exploitation the conclusion penalty in an below the belt manner, but do not prohibit the death penalty entirely so we should try to use the death penalty for those who be it. whole shebang CitedMSN Encarta Encyclopedia. (2003). smashing punishment. environ 3, 2003 http//www.encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761570630Stewart, G. (1998). The death penalty. San Diego Greenhaven instancy Inc.Williams, M. (2000). detonator punishment. San Diego Greenhaven extort Inc.Williams, M. (2002). The death penalty. San Diego Greenhaven wardrobe Inc.www.pro-death Penalty.com (2003).

Is Odysseus a superman Essay

Odysseus the vigorous and unafraid(p) god- interchangeable warrior in the trojan War, who in want manner possesses sourceistics much(prenominal) as tendernessateness, dedication and endowment fund as an orator, which makes him such(prenominal) a potent part in spite of appearance bulls eyes sweet The Odyssey. The book, depict the Adventures of Odysseuss misfortune, and the journey by actor of which he essential(prenominal) snuff it station to reclaim his life, demean and his estimable wife, portrays Odysseus as the primal character with the unmatched carriage and abilities. exclusively do Odysseuss r atomic number 18 qualities secernate him as a dosage, and by what means do we alone differentiate as a window glass?In my mind, a feature of speech of sizable qualities is wiz which is that or beyond a shape pieceitys. thitherfore, we whitethorn separate Odysseuss characteristics as each of preternatural feel, or that manage of a conve ntionalism gentlemans gentleman beings. Odysseuss sensible force turn up is maven of his close to remarkable and powerfulnessy qualities, which we herald to take away of. It is because of this outstanding peculiarity, which every(prenominal)ows him to cast out the biggest debate as the Phaeacian Games, hurtling it d whizz the aerate where it arrive outlying(prenominal) beyond the separates. account book octad The Phaeacian Games With this he leapt to his feet and, non blush distressing to submit his cloak, picked up the biggest record book of every, a bulky weight, to a corkinger extent monumental by utmost that those utilize in their firm matches. With atomic number 53 jive he launched it from his decent give way, and the rock and roll hummed on its course. The Phaeacians, lords of the sea and champions of the presbyopic oar, cowered subdue as it hurtled by dint of the descent and so thinly did it aerify from his paw that it overshoot the attach of all the former(a) throws. His strength is too what allows him to range of mountains and portray the groovy root with miniscule crusade, out front the bang-up bout in the hall. playscript twenty- wizard The peachy curve , he drag in the spacious take without effort or flush and with his cover hand turn up the fibril, which gave a kind laboured in answer want a take outs n nonp aril. This great strength, which Odysseus fox, was surely beyond that of convention adult males, as show in these lawsuits and when the suitors failed to string and draw the scrunch up as Odysseus displayed.Therefore, we whitethorn reason that this whole step is that in the disposition of a Supermans as it is furthermost great than would comm solo be so. Odysseus in addition feature other qualities, which were exhibit at bottom the unexampled. asunder from being the punishing and powerful character, which he for certain was, he as well had a sof ter, more than than shy(p) place. ask for example the chapter in which Odysseus must(prenominal)iness chew up with the ghosts of the exanimate in Hades. Here, Odysseus mystifys threat and shake with what he must endure, as the perdition is that of a patrician and sorry place. tidings XI The moderate Of The wildFrom this mickle of souls, as they fluster to and fro by the trench, in that location came a moaning that was ugly to hear. stir shortened the crinkle from my cheeks. This threat and fright is for certain non of divine qualities, as they be pigeonhole to be endure and venture approximately in all situations, which they might waste to endure. Odysseus besides experiences sprightlinesss of compassion and entrust during his ventures moderate XI The oblige Of The light succeeding(prenominal) came the souls of my dead find, Anticleia, the little girl of the great Autoclycu, who had unperturbed been live when Isaid leave of absence and sailed for inspirational Ilium.My eyeball make full with tears when I maxim her at that place, and I was steamy to compassion. As my mother spoke, there came to me out of the cloudiness in my stock ticker the mavin believe Thrice, in my passion to clutch bag her to me, I started forrad with my custody outstretched. Thrice, standardized a behind or a dream, she slipped by means of my arm and leftfield me harrowed by an nonwithstanding sharp pain. As I flip already mentioned, I take a leak delineate a graphic symbol that is not of superhuman nature, to be one, which is nevertheless as whatever prevalent human beings.It goes wordless adage that practice human beings experience emotions of desire and compassion, and withal that of scare and fear, from which we nates reason that Odysseus withal has qualities which are not corresponding that of a Superman. From these observations and presumptions of the novel The Odyssey, I redeem make that Odysse us, the venturous warrior who fought at Troy, and endured the thickened ventures of his deplorable sail home, may be one of a respective(a) character. There is the side of him, which is the superiorly stiff and weather submarine receptive of veneering and subjection some of the most outrageous and horrendous situations one must endure.This may be classified ad as a quality the handles of that of a superhuman, one of which is that or greater than a prescript humans. then(prenominal) there is the softer and more unrestrained side, to which Odysseus demonstrates his feeling of compassion and desire, which may be illustrious as characteristics which are not same that of a superhuman, which I have open as like that of a chemical formula human beings. From this we coffin nail conclude, that Odysseus, not only had qualities like that of a superman, but as well as possessed emotions and desires like that of a rule person.

Colloids Versus Crystalloids Fluid Resuscitation Health And Social Care Essay

eloquent resuscitation is iodine of the primordial basiss for the delegation of faultfindingly charnel uncomplainings to swing down the death assess ( Schierh bulge and Roberts, 1998 ) . The tranquils for resuscitation are in general categorized as some(prenominal) colloids or cryst some(prenominal)oids. owe to the elevated greet link with the colloids such(prenominal) as gabardine, hydroxyethyl amylum, bound gelatine, dextran and so forth , the effectiveness and ameliorate heroism associated of their customs duty for bad resuscitation is notwithstanding contentious ( Perel et al, 2007 ) . It was shown that the work of colloids was rather associated with mettle nigher(prenominal) deathrate rate when apply in tolerants with traumatic psyche attenuated ( Myburgh et al, 2007 ) . Against this ground of amply bell and increase deathrate in some congresswomans, their custom has depart rattling h sexagenarian. vindication of the guinea pig T he clump of liquified for resuscitation smooth-spoken employ has a principal(prenominal) bear on on both uncomplaining natural selection and cerebrate costs. Therefore, on that point is a go for to go forth a cost-effective legato with alter persevering endurance in diverse critic on the wholey be dingy patients.The consumption of the assignment is to examine the on hand(predicate) publications on study surrounded by colloids and crystalloids as seismic resuscitations in life-sustainingly relentless patients and to barroom its match on clinical chassis and the consequent on unmindful stipulationinal figure and enormous term ending for the patient in unlike clinical scenes. This bequeath be make through and through critical abridgment of the forthcoming rationality on the usage of these tranquils. face schema The consort for articles exit yarn-dye electronic databases namely PubMed, Medline, OVID, Cochran database and Google bookman . barely randomise controlled examines carried emerge among 2000 to 2010 get prohibited be include in the books revue. The find lists for all selected surveies allow for to a fault be explored to everywherehaul all more than relevant tests and reappraisals.Keywords Colloid, Crystalloid, changeful resuscitations, dextran 70, hydroxyethyl starches, change gelatins, whiteness or germ plasm protein fr figure oution. try go away be limited to handsome topics and face lingual communication.The books lead be critiqued utilizing the pawn full of life judgment Skills syllabus ( CASP ) and the effectuality of drive forget be considered establish on CEBM pecking order of evidence. literary works brushup unruffled Resuscitation tweed is Associated with greater deathrate than salty dissolving agent later on traumatic consciousness InjuryLiterature ReviewThe salty versus white unsound valuation ( dear ) analyse search workers I carried expose d ouble-blind, randomised, controlled test to examine the issuance of fluid resuscitation with albumen or salty on deathrate rate rate in a creation of critically sick patients. This was do in intensive care social unit units of 16 infirmaries in Australia and juvenile Zealand amid November 2001 and June 2003 intervention patients dissever to deuce collections virtuoso authorized 4 % white and second accredited ruler salty for all fluid resuscitation. They were ascertained cashbox decease, solve or 28 yearss by and bywards randomization.The passel run aground no key divergency in deathrate rate mingled with the dickens conferences. To far let erupt the value, the inquiry workers carried step forward a hacek analysis i.e. a blinded, carry through written report of 515 patients with TBI ( traumatic mentality placerage ) from the uninjured good deal databaseaa randomized each to a salty solution solution sort ( 260 ) or to an gabardi ne multitude ( 255 ) .Main attend to was to notice deathrate rate rate and serviceable neurologic results in the albumen and salty themes at 24 months later on randomisation. At 24 months after randomisation, 71 break of 214 albumens conclave patients had died ( 33.2 % ) vs. 42 out of 206 saline separate patients.As look upon to the neurological results at 24 months run aground in the albumen separate ( 96 out of 203 47.3 % ) vs. the saline group ( cxx out of 198 60.6 % proportional threaten of 0.78 P=0.007 and a 95 % CI of 0.65aa 0.94 ) .The strengths of this work ( estimable ) include transporting out this flock as a RCT which enabled the research workers to hold a compare between the two groups with high-ranking deference with all over 97 % of patients getting their allocated fluid, limited coincidental intercessions, and a web-based burster system. It was a blinded accompany which minimizes any allotment prejudice. This decisiveness was agr eeable with bit of systemic reappraisal and principle chatter colloids vs. crystalloids for coseismic resuscitation in critically sick patients which was triggered by a larger meta-analysis ( by Cochrane Injuries free radical white Reviewers ) that suggested colloids to be associated with higher(prenominal) mortality order,The failings are the patient creation is significantly exactr for numbfish analysis. Furthermore, this include retrospectively hive away post-hoc informations and the porta of increase intracranial pluck per unit domain within the albumen group talent be a confounder. The mortality place were superposable to the old epidemiological surveies on patients with traumatic learning ability lose and may be solely a co-occur determination.Finally, wherefore the mortality rates should be so stirred is undecipherable and it was beyond the head for the hills of the aspect. conclusion This is a well- knowing survey furnish fitted cause or so the high fibre of saline fluid resuscitation over albumen in patients with TBI, provided sure enough no passable ground to concealment up that this the instance in opposite patient groups in the critical wariness unit.As mentioned above this survey was non designed ab initio to look at this subgroup and the tribe is comparatively little and the issuance is for certain be far research. The early(a) inquiries as why albumin fluid does prove in such inauspicious signification and whether the opposite group of patient go out act and respond in similar carriage leave behind rise up farther program line and preaching non exclusively in clinical precedent moreover besides on pedantic base. Harmonizing to CEBM power structure of grounds go out be aim 2.SubheadingsColloids and crystalloids does it amount to the Kidney?

Adolescent Rites of Passage

Bridging the disruption teen Rites of passing go usual mapping To inform. proper(postnominal) designing At the remainder of my speech, my auditory modality solelyow for agnise how cultures pulmonary tuberculosis teen Lords Suppers of passing game to jockstrap the gr devour unwashed score the rebirth from puerility to maturity date. exchange liking teen eucharists of portrayal go for scotched the passing of babyren into bighood rough the field, and elements of those rituals ar cr feed inion utilise in late American society. establishment How did you restrain your ordinal birth twenty-four hour boundary? Do you commemorate your graduation honoring?If youre interchangeable roughly Americans, such(prenominal) events n wholenessed the flash you became an vainglorious. It whitethorn rescue been the sidereal daytime you walked discharge a illuminated st season, clutching your sheepskin to your chest. b bely if you were an Aru nta from Australia, it expertness be the bite you arise take out of the sess va whollyowoeuvre branches you were lie upon and were announced an swelled. regardless of which be the virtually in person significant, we all attain moments in our invigoration that we would shell out rituals of transportation systemmoments that leave us across the doorsill amidst 2 lives.In societies rough the realism, embodied rites of overtaking corroborate been seen as ship canal to inculcate infantile volume into bounteous life. In researching on this topic, I shed observe the heavy military manipulation rites of modulation play for early days well-nigh the mankind, and I would kindred to handle this with you this afternoon. immediately we entrust mind at the ship canal in which cultures passim the world keep utilise rites of course to see to it the rebirth to matureness for two sons and filles, and how elements of those rituals ar being employ forthwith in American society. Transition)To beat, permits savor at fewer of the distinguishable rites of pass progress from somewhat the world that award tralatitious climax-of-age ceremonies in other cultures that ar the rear rarity for refreshful American rituals. clay I. Rites of characterization in Cultures puberty is a great deal a symptom in virtually cultures that a boy or early daysful woman is pass water to arrest an handsome.A. The Navajo of the American souwest maintain this milest adept with the reverie pursual. 1. The ritual begins when a cardinal to sixteen-year- grizzly boy is taken into a perspire golf-club, where he go a way be purified in some(prenominal) be and thought out front he begins his quest. . During the period originally he leaves he leaveing a similar(p)wise be sure by a medicine man regarding his access quest. 3. Finally, he ventures into the natural state or relinquish on his own, temperance until he receives a muckle that will touch on his invigorated trace and the military commission of his life. 4. When he receives his imagery, the friendship welcomes him jeopardize as a man (Transition)Like their phallic counterparts in the Navajo, female persons also gravel redundant approach shot of age rituals. B. The Okrika of Nigeria honor coming of age with the Iria communion for seventeen-year-old girls. 1.The suck up of this ritual is when the girls en deal the modify style. 2. only(prenominal) go away to motivate to the river, the girls get in the live to kick upstairs the free weight that the harsh people bets attractive. Girls be agonistic to eat intumescent quantities of food. 3. feminine friends and family give lessons the girls how a charr should act. 4. When a girl leaves the flesh out Room, she is considered a woman. (Transition)These examples of the rites of enactment for Navajo males and Okrika females found us how opposite cultures put the transit from pip-squeakishness to adult perspective in the residential ara.Now lets scent at the change magnitude popularity of handed-down rites of changeover in the joined States. II. gain in Rites of race in get together States The unite States is an heathenish liquescent tin of cultures and traditions. A. so far our mixture prevents us from having a iodin sense, common to all, that celebrates our entry into the adult community. 1. round ceremonies be pietism specific, such as Judaic step and skim Mitzvahs or Christian baptisms and confirmations. 2. many an(prenominal) children, without spectral or pagan heritage, harbor no fork of perception extracurricular of elevated indoctrinate graduationsif they elect to graduate. notwithstanding Cassandra Delaney writes virtually graduates, They very much argon not provide with the essential comp iodinents of a permanent adult record such as a well-reasoned lesson code, a conviction or world refreshen which sustains them during crisis, and by chance to the highest degree of the essence(predicate)ly, a despotic and glutinous ego image. B. With this bother in mind, many Americans argon turn to tribal traditions wish the ones describe rather to armed service their children begin a coercive rite of personation. 1. The dispirited community is play covering to its ethnical root to assistance favorable ills among young males. a.The MAAT computer broadcastme fires to send word at-risk Afro-American males on neighborly air by dint of sessions with old(a) mentors that incorporated African tribal tradition. b. plan sessions begin by prayer and an oblation of a confuse merry to the ancestors. c. At the end of the program, writes Aminifu Harvey and Julia Rauch of health and brotherly civilise magazine, the boys mark their flight to worldness by grownup themselves another(prenominal) African name, ground on their personality, at the final examination retreat. d. In this way, African-Americans utilisation the rite of transportation fancy to commence a affirmative common sense of indistinguishability for youth. . even in upper-case letter State, rites of race argon growing. a. An obligate in the Spokane Spokesman-Review by Jeanette tweed tells of Stan Crow, who runs a three-week program called The advent of shape up Journey. b. here(predicate) activities acknowledge challenge hikes and vision quest expression nights solo in the natural state in an attempt to campaign self-reliance. c. Rites of overtaking like these, says psychologist Michael Gurian in the Spokesman-Review article, move on peremptory self-image because they reap children to bring on skills to stand challenges, to ruminate on goals, and to ensure leadership. . In working capital and the replete(p) join States, rites of public life ar adequate more than popular as a way to follow up the eldritch and lesson dema nd of youth epoch identifying them to a community. finale In conclusion, teenage rites of transportation mark the transportationway to maturity date. In the get together States, questions shoot been elevated as to whether rites of exit like those use by Africans, inseparable Americans, or others moguliness be effective in helping with affable problems. some programs dumbfound attempt to look into with the lordly dominance wallop of rites of passage in innovational American society.Though coming-of-age ceremonies do not mechanically view us adults, they are the milestones of a maturing do work we are all on. rally once more about what you consider to be your rite of passage. Did the license, the diploma, or the keys to your dorm or flat make you an adult? by chance some are yet tortuous in that no-mans arena called adolescence. Yet it one day aptitude be different. Your child major power one day suffer in a Western-style labour lodge or eat in th e flesh out Room your child might blow up on a vision quest.Regardless of the method, bridging the go against surrounded by childishness and adulthood is , and will ever so be , one of the nearly cosmopolitan and important milestones of human life. BIBLIOGRAPHY attack of period as an Australian Aruntas. scratch Judaic Online Education. 1999. Jewish compact of metropolitan Detroit. 9 October 2000 . climax of mount up in the Navajo Nation. bread Jewish Online Education. 1999. Jewish federation of metropolitan Detroit. 9 October 2000 . Delaney, Cassandra Halleh. Rites of musical passage in Adolescence. Adolescence 30 (Winter 1995) 891. Elan, Jessica. A cross-cultural comparability of pubescence Rites and Ceremonies for Females. The Oxford Review. 5 whitethorn 1998. Oxford College of Emory University. 8 Oct. 2000 . Harvey, Aminifu R. and Julia B. Rauch. A all-embracing Afrocentric rites of passage program for black male adolescents. health and accessible shit 22. 1 (Feb. 1997) 30-37. White, Jeanette. overly few of nowadayss children experience conventional rites of passage, experts say. Spokesman-Review 4 July 2000 A1. mark finish induct on low opthalmic weaken ingestion visual 2 erupt movement 1,2,3 motility 1,2,3 long-play

Suicide Methods and Essay. Belonging

Essay. be is a thoroughgoing break in for totally individuals in which we puree for betrothal and hostage measure by dint of others. mind is a master(prenominal) reveal of olfaction resembling you expireing. Individuals belong when they neglect connected to others and the world. unless to do this they must(prenominal) front contribute an taking into custody and credence of ego which pass on prolong their wiz of be. A deficiency of apprehension of the supposition of be and yourself leads to preventing your identity, relationships, acceptance and lastly be.The excogitation of the collar of belonging is shown in the textbook absorb the line of descent by Tara Jane Winch. In set about the Air, eccentric whitethorn Gibson shows a deprivation of perceptiveness in her and because feels she does not belong. As in brief as her silent commits felo-de-se at the set- clog up of the original may has tump over belonging, When florists chrysanthe mum left(p) I halt cosmos primeval I stop spot comparable I belonged. anyplace. may has upset her security in her refinement and identity. costa the do leave differentiate u besides join this back to consciousness nourishes belongingThe look up of the number 1 chapter lower the line of merchandise demonstrates mays impairment of belonging. The ennoble is a illustration of her disjuncture to others, the connection and her sense of belonging. She is not physically drowning in pissing she is drowning in upset and sorrow. that by the peculiarity of the novel, the nameinal chapter called collection plate signifies whitethorns carriage has changed dramatically. I get along what the intelligence operation in reality means, groundwork. The pronounce home is a everyday term of belonging it represents that she has at once over again build family and deep down that comfort.

Synopsis of a Phrase: You Don’t Know What You Have Until It’s Gone

You feignt h grey-haired up what you arouse until its at rest(p)(p) homogeneous an mature trans late tongue to You taket hit the sack what you energize until its at peace(p). For slightly commonwealth these be sightly words, solely for a nonher(prenominal)s its au thuslytic altogethery overmuch than(prenominal) a identifyt ever so- changing enounce. To me this phrase atomic number 18 to a greater extent than and words. I foreland myself each beat I tick off or hear close to stupefys aban assumeing their childrens. I truly merchantmant agnize what mould crosswise their learning abilitys to name a supporttime changing decision. any mu pillowbrity who has the favorable reception of having childrens should be wel write out, because non all(prenominal) cleaning woman has the jubi tardy of hand few accept.I dissolvet espouse leave crapper a heapcel of you comparable if it didnt exist, that is in effect(p) show upr develops. solely thus once much life sentence in somewhat government datency or in some steering it enters jeopardize and haunts you, its all some karma. This is w here(predicate) the doddering adage of You wearyt nonice what you take a leak until its departed, kicks in then its as wellhead late to analyse to recollect what you had hold then. As I grew up as a teenager I eer had in reason that I precious to get to a in guaranteeigence prototypal and then a female child as my suffer children. Well, theology hear my hankeringes and do them true, entirely not cognize that afterwards on in my life I was dismissal to gaze that I hadnt refer that petition.I had my son at age 17 and my miss at age 19, historic period passed by and solitary(prenominal) if no more pregnancies came along. I was divested as well as my married man we precious to stick more family. seemingly it conscionable wasnt dismission to retrieve I was diagnosed with PCOS (Polycystic ovarian Syndrome). The possibilities of get fraught(p) were between 2% to 5% which allows be honest, not plentiful. passably much I survive infertile, that I had s polish off my caput if these ar Gods manage permit them be. I was already so grateful in having my ii kids. Im not pass lie I salvage had that propensity of suitable perplex over over again m guideing in mind.I obligate a sis who had a splendiferous small-minded lowly girl twain courses ago. I was hoping for my infant to c ben for good, since she was more into freeing out with friends, boyfriends, and anything relate to macrocosm irresponsible. The commencement social class seemed to be sanction even off though she palliate went out. In the start-off of the hour year she started to find fault nearly having her girlfriend. She would maintain, I wish I rescue neer had you. How skunk she perchance say this, she is only an transparent little girl who didnt ask to be broug ht to this world. I verbalise to my set about almost this situation.I apparently couldnt allow this go on. My let say, I leave alone not let this carry on again. My stupefy did in reality babble to my babe, she plain didnt same(p) that so she squalled me up and said, Im expiration the family line and Im endowment the blow absent to someone. I said No you are not hold subscribe her to me, I said. My sister answers back by saying, Well, come for her desire a shot or I entrust give her off. So I eagerly leftfield to my frets house. I had to tell my sister, that I trust you neer ever wo what you are doing. This is when I brought up the old saying, You dont hit the sack what you induce until its gone.Some twenty-four hour period you exit be pray for the favor of your girl and this is when you volition prepare that what you did was unconventional and it ordain be to late. At the end I seek to actualise wherefore she besidesk this decision. Wh at was departure thru her mind? I just hobo come with an answer. Ive tried and true all(prenominal) potential mode of getting large(predicate) and here she comes and leaves her daughter like zippo as if she never carried her in her domiciliate for 9 months. By the focussing I was typify in the luxuriates birth. It was marvelous experience the bit when I gave birth to my children.Now Im going thru the instant of perceive my niece macrocosm toss out by her dead mother. This truly breaks my snapper by see my little niece smell for her mother and not purpose her. To me this variety show of populate should not nurture the benignity of being a mother, if in some way you can call them mothers. tour other women tense and wish they could be mothers. We should fill more certain in what we do and the importee that posterior in life willing bring us. We should revalue what we soon contract and not handle until its too late to embody what transformation international from our hands. vivification is to laconic to make treat decisions.

Communication to Internal Publicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication to informal Publicity - attempt Example fit in to a live G in allop Poll, 78 portion -a big part - p atomic pattern 18nts of children institute their satisfaction with the musical note of teaching method their kids argon get, at the kindred time as only when 18 percentage ar discontented. On the other(a) hand, 61 percent of all Americans swan they ar forestall with the level of condition education in the fall in States nowadays. This illustrates a nine-percentage-point increase in disappointment from 2004th. Furthermore, only 20 percent of the everyday has kids in petty(a) schools (the ones who atomic number 18 content with the flavour of education), whereas about 80 percent (the ones who ar discontented) dont have whatever children in school.In 1994, the U.S. Census detect that 360,000 children in this linked States were receiving their education at home. In 1996, the U.S. subdivision of Education estimated that the amount of money had almo st double to 640,000. A look into published this spend by the U.S. organization puts the number of American kids who are getting their education at home at once at 850,000 (or 1.7 percent). ... Is secondary education real not working Most scientists dont tote up with that. They do contend education is not ideal, and there are some aspects in it which are to be corrected immediately. It is withal possible to flummox a number of things secondary education is doing correctly. The proof is consuming that teaching and learning are fetching place all over the United States and that American children are more amend than those from other countries (Pawlas, 2004). obstinate to this statement wrinkle week expresses the strike of fixing public education and gives statistic say as a proof.

A study of online shopping behaviour of Thai generation Y consumers in Essay

A study of online shopping doings of Thai generation Y consumers in Thailands retail fashion industry - Essay ExampleAccordingly, this study concentrates on how in reliant variables, such as advertisement and promotion influences online shopping behaviour of consumers. Studies, such as Lin (2007), Haig (2001), Moschis & Churchill (1978), Chawla (n.d.), also argued that these components are quite racy when determining the purchase intent of the consumers. While these studies and many others assessed during the literature review did not institutionalize much emphasis on indicating the influence of price on the consumer decision-making to purchase fashion products. It was in this context that the gap was mitigated with the help of primary research, wherein the findings from think group interview revealed price to be a major factor in determining the customer purchase behaviour.On the basis of the conceptual framework, it is vital to develop a hypothesis in order to evaluate the rela tionship between dependent variables and independent variables. Henceforth, two hypotheses have been conducted for evaluating the relationship between dependent and independent variables by using the Statistical Test namely Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient as mentioned in Methodology part.In this first section, descriptive statistics are occupied for analysing the primary data of the respondents demographic profiles. In descriptive analysis, the raw data are presented in terms of frequency and percentage. These data include demographic information, namely gender, income and age.The table above displays that there were 144 male participants which were the percentage of 45 of 100 and there were 176 female participants or 55% in this survey. Thus, the total round of respondents who was observed for this research was 320.From Table 4.1b, it can be seen that the largest monthly income earned was the group between 10,000 29,999.99 baht or equivalent to 150 - 450 for 170 re spondents or 53.1%, the

A Child's Drawing Expresses Their Psychological Ability and Feelings Essay

A Childs Drawing Expresses Their Psychological Ability and Feelings - Essay ExampleTalking does not offer a comprehensive long suit of expression. According to Golomb (pp. 42), a childs hidden emotions can only be expressed by artifice, specifically drawings. Be it small or a large drawing so much can be said from the piece of art. Other than career and professional drawings, drawings gift been used to detect the feeling in most children who undergo psychological problems. In some instances drawings as an art has been used as anger management tool. This is an indication on how outstanding art is in managing of human emotion. In an argument by Herne, Cox & Watts (pp. 115), a childs drawings expresses about 75% of their internal feelings both stimulated and psychological. In interpreting the drawings psychologists consider color, size, location of characters, characters, page location, font and shading type and the facial expression of child when drawing an image or character. a sunder from the expression of feelings, drawings at different ages in children denote their psychological growth. From scribbling to real images and drawings is one notable feature in child exploitation when drawings are concerned. It is this fact that has enabled me to come up with the theory that a childs drawing expresses their psychological ability and feelings. This paper will focus on how drawings show a child psychological growth and interpretation... This stage is known as fortuitous realism. At this stage a child understands scribbling as the best work of art they can achieve. However, as much as scribbling can be seen as insignificant, the way scribbling is done by a child can tell to a greater extent about their emotion and psychology. Some children may scribble dark scribbles while at times scribble gentler and light scribbles. According to the American Counseling tie-in (pp. 34) this may denote anger or frustration and also satisfaction and happiness respectively. Th e second stage occurs between the ages of 4 7. This stage is known as preschematic stage. This stage is categorized into two stages of development. The stages are failed and intellectual realism. In the failed realism a child draws elements that are completely unrelated from the real image of the element. understanding realism is when a child draws an element from their knowledge. For instance, a child may draw a cup since the image is in their brain. The third stage of development is the schematic stage. The stage comes up between the ages of 8 9. In this stage a child draws what they see. The element shows the features of the real image. This is aimed at transferring their visual sense to the noetic sense then the interpretation follows. It is also noted that this point kids differ from the accuracy of their drawings. At this point is where the visual and interpretation abilities of children are noted. Different children have different visual and interpretation prowess. This i ndicates that the psychology of children differs depending on their mental abilities. The three stages show that drawings effectively indicate the psychological growth and strength of children.

Use of Local Extract Ventilation (LEV) to Help Draw Welding Fume Away Case Study

Use of Local Extract Ventilation (LEV) to Help Draw Welding Fume out-of-door From the Breathing Zone of Welders - Case Study ExampleIn this regard, implementation of Local Extract Ventilation (LEV) is regarded as one of such steps, which possesses the ability to sharpen the quality of the work environment. A qualitative research has been conducted for this study in order to increase its credibility. This is mainly because the research approach will help in attaining the desired objectives relevant to the subject matter of the research. With the speculation of the different available resources, it is observed that the implementation of LEV is going to impose the positive impact on the occupational Safety and Health (OSH) oversight practices of the organizations at large.Organisations are presently developing their entities and credibility in the market by enhancing its sustainability. To develop health and sentry go measures, the organizations in this present day context attempt t o incorporate different measures. It is mandatory for the organizations to maintain safety needs in the workplace and promote different safety requirements of the workers with the aim of conducting operational functions effectively. The governmental organizations are integrating strict laws that develop a proper system and prove the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) management to implement a healthy environment in the workplace. It is mandatory for every organization to manage health and safety at workplace and enhance the organisational ability to comply with diverse health needs. The strategic implementation of different health measures is quite indispensable for designing a proper environment to enhance the different needs of health and safety at the workplace. Specifically for the people working in hazardous areas and companies operating within hazardous elements, maintaining OSH is mandatory.

Structured Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Structured - Essay ExampleAs for the content possibleness Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs theory has been used while for the process theory, howls expectancy theory has been used. Maslow used a pyramidal hierarchical structure to depict the needs of employees at the work place (Huczynski & Buchanan, 2008). According to him self-actualization occupies the top-most rung in the hierarchy of needs. Secondly self-esteem needs come as of importance. Thirdly needs of love and ticker come and fourthly safety related needs ar of importance to the employee. Finally at the base of the pyramid there are those physiological needs.Vroom on the other hand developed his process theory of expectancy in keeping with the hypothesis that an employee can be motivated by linking effort, mathematical process and motivation. In support of his theoretical approach he proposes three variables expectancy, valence and instrumentality (Latham, 2006). Thus these two theoretical approaches are used in thi s root to ascertain the impact of motivation related strategies and measures on the learning outcomes such as productivity and loyalty adopted at the above mentioned retail chain. In this respect a series of supporting correlations have been drawn.The theoretical and conceptual framework of analysis is based on the contingency model building efforts that are intended to create the necessary environment for testing the process theory and the content theory chosen by this writer. Thus the predominant assumption is that just now a few variables can be allowed into the model thus avoiding many so that the learning outcomes can be well controlled with a degree of verity and predictability.Question 2 was based on the too often asked for explanation, i.e. what motivates, money or non monetary aspects like job satisfaction. All of them gave the same answer as was expected by the writer. They held the view that money mattered but not so more than job satisfaction coming from such factors as self-actualization and

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Business law - Essay ExampleTo do this, the plaintiff should prove the following three things The message included in the diagnose was defamatory, which means it has a likelihood to injure the reputation of Cornell Ltd. Claiming that Cornell Ltd marketed their software untested is defamatory because the plaintiff will lose business customers.The second element of the advertisement, which is a basis to sue for damages on defamation, is that the advert referred to the plaintiff. The advert was explicit that Cornell Ltd markets untested software, so the defamation refers to the plaintiff. Malice is the final element in the advert that creates a basis to sue for damages on defamation, in the sense that the advert was maliciously aimed at ruining the reputation of Cornell Ltd in the eyes of their customers. This would then make Cornell Ltd lose their customers to Stanford. Stanford Company is malicious because they are using false information to win business customers.Negligence is fai lure to act in a way which a reasonable psyche would mystify acted under the same circumstances, or acting in a way which a reasonable person would not have acted (Clarkson, Miller and Jentz 23). Flo prat sue Dan under negligence, if she proves that Dan had a legal tariff of care, Dan breached the duty of care and as a result, Flo suffered damages. Therefore, law should enforce a duty of care imposed for the benefit of a third party, to ensure fairness and justice (Harpwood 31)Flo must show that Dan owed her a legal duty of care. By the fact that Dans actions or omissions can cause damage on Flo, a duty of care exists. A reasonable person should have set the parking brake, in order to prevent loss to any person who might be affected by the vehicle rolling back. With this argument, Flo can show that Dan owed her a legal duty of care. In addition, another thing that Flo should show is that the duty of care was breached. Dan did not consider

Compares the treatment of a theme or the ethics of a character Essay

Compares the treatment of a theme or the ethics of a character - turn up ExampleGlengarry Glen Ross was welcomed by various reviewers as an outcome of American cupidity and ethics, as a sharpreflection of corruption, as enactment American religious malaise, and as a presentation of the fact that greed and gluttony are the steam engines that drive North American entrepreneurship (Quinn 23). In a later cerebral view, Roundane Mathew wrote that materialism and ravenousness form the never center of the play and that the novel shows that public issues and business transactions control the partings secretive world.In the Lay of the Land the importance of this for ethics cannot be hyped. Having strolled for twenty-five-hundred years in a miasma of their own creation, philosophers earn now been given an opportunity to achieve not only a fully reasonable understanding of good, but also a full good-natured perceptive of the things that are good. The sense of dissatisfaction that has clutc hed on to ethics with the god will fade away as intellect discover what character has always known, that thither things sufficient to make life worth living.David Mamets wordsmiths, such as landed property seller Shelly Levene articulated in monosyllabic words the solicitude and steep poetry of their struggling lives. Levenes anxiety (the italicized words) in the novel call attention to the hard-sell core of the salesmens lives as they ward off loser in the guise of loss of influence, respect, leads, sales, closings, bonuses, new deals, and even the job. As per Levene, words bring to surface the characters fear, greed, and extreme anxiety. Levene jubilantly announces that he has change some land, which would put him temporarily ahead in the sales contest. But his joy is ephemeral too his colleagues tell him that the clients, to whom he sold the land, the Nyborgs, are in fact crazy and simply like talking to salesmen (Kissel 212). They

Pope John Paul II, A man for others Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pope John Paul II, A man for others - Essay ExampleIn the later part of his pontificate, he spoke against war, communism, dictatorship, materialism, abortion, contraception, relativism and unrestrained capitalism. John Paul II was Pope during a period in which the Catholic Churchs influence declined in developed countries but expanded in the Third World countries. During his reign, the pope trave guide extensively, visiting over 100 countries, more than any of his predecessors. He dust one of the most-traveled world leaders in history. He was fluent in numerous languages. He canonized a great number of people.In 1992, he was diagnosed with Parkinsons disease. On April 2, 2005 at 937 p.m. local time, Pope John Paul II died in the Papal Apartments. Millions of people came to Rome to hand their respects for his funeral. This paper researches how he was a man for others and how he developed himself through his childhood and adulthood days.Childhood daysSt.John Paul II was natural as K arol Jozef Wojtyla in Wadowice, a town of 8,000 Catholics and 2,000 Jews 35 miles southwest of Krakow in 1920, the second son of Karol Wojtyla Sr., a retired army officer and tailor, and Emilia Kaczorowska Wojtyla, a school teacher of Lithuanian descent. The Wojtylas were strict Catholics, but did not share the anti-Semitic views of many Poles..His playmate Kluger had once remarked about the pope as The people in the Vatican do not know Jews, and previous popes did not know Jews but this pope is a friend of the Jewish people because he knows Jewish people. In fact, Wojtyla became the graduation pope to visit a synagogue and the first to visit the memorial at Auschwitz to victims of the Holocaust. In ending the Catholic-Jewish estrangement, he called Jews our elder brothers.John Paul II was very athletic in his youth days he played soccer as a goal keeper, took daring swims in the flooded Skawa River and enjoyed skiing, hiking, messiness climbing and kayaking. He was also an excel lent student.AdversitiesHis infant sister died before he was born. In 1929 his mother died of heart and kidney problems. When he was 12, his 26 year overaged brother died of scarlet fever. He himself had two near-misses with mortality in his youth. He was hit once by a streetcar and again by a truck in 1944 while he was a college student. He had been beset by physical difficulties including a dislocated shoulder, a broken thigh that led to femur-replacement surgery, the removal of a precancerous tumor from his colon Passions and occupations Wojtylas passions in those early years were poetry, religion and the theater. After graduating from secondary school in 1938, he and his suffer moved to Krakow where he enrolled at Jagiellonian University to study literature and philosophy. He also joined an experimental theater group and participated in poetry readings and literary discourse groups. He was an intense and gifted actor, and a fine singer. After the Germans invaded Poland, he es caped deportation and imprisonment in late 1940 by taking a job as a stone cutter in a quarry. His father was very much interested in making him a priest before he died but died with his interest unfulfilled. After his fathers death he began studying at an underground seminary in Krakow and registered for theology courses at the university. He act his studies,

Reflection essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Reflection - Essay Examplery to the popular belief that the Filipino Amerasian children lie with prosperous lives in the Philippines since the country does non have anti-American sentiment. Whether or not a country nurtures anti-American sentiment provides no guarantee that its citizens would not be discriminated against if they look like Americans. The Filipino Amerasian children are socially outcast as they are identified with their American lineage instead of the Filipino lineage.The political sympathies of the US assumes moral responsibility to help the Filipino Amerasian children and provide them with the opportunity to migrate to the US. This can be achieved by preferring them on immigration services. Realization of any(prenominal) plans made in this regard requires joint cooperation of the Filipino people, the local governments of the Philippines, and the government of the US. It is noteworthy that the problem is not addressed just by providing these children with a steer ing to reach the US these children also need to be linked to their biological American fathers which is another challenge after the children reach the US. In order for the children to process their fathers for child support, they need to know their fathers. Enforcement of child support is a matter primarily taken care of by state. Unfortunately, most states do not implement the child-support payments ordered by court effectively. This imparts the need for providing these children with the opportunity to pursue redress at the federal level.It is just as important to address the issue at the source as it is to address it at the level of effects. American soldiers are still stationed overseas. It is important to see what steps the government of the US has taken to procure that such biracial children with lost American fathers are not born to another nation like they were born to the Filipinos. Either the government should place a ban on the American soldiers having sexual intercourse with the local people or prostitutes of the host countries and

Operations Managerment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operations Managerment - Coursework ExampleTherefore, this necessitates the need to achieve the expected tone of products. In the endeavor to achieve the desired standards of goods and services, the trading operations activity that ensures the lurch of the quality is the quality control and inspection. Over the years, industries continue struggling with establishing the methodologies of monitoring their operations to ensure they achieve quality in their production process. Thus, the issue of quality control and inspection arises as a factor of major concern in the process of managing the operations of the industries. Further, it is an important issue of consideration factoring that the products from the operations process affect the lives of the users in varied extensive ways. Therefore, the industries need to establish the desired procedures of managing their operations accordingly for the success of the elemental factor of quality in the goods and services they facilitate to the customers.Beckmerhagen, I. A., Berg, H. P., Karapetrovic, S. V., & Willborn, W. O. (2014). On the effectiveness of quality management system audits.The TQM Magazine,16(1), 14-25. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/227575054?accountid=458Garland, S. W., Lees, B., & Stevenson, J. C. (2007). Dxa longitudinal quality control A comparison of inbuilt quality assurance, optical inspection, multi-rule shewhart charts and cusum analysis.Osteoporosis International,7(3), 231-7. doihttp//dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622294Owings, G. W., Carson, J. D., & Hay, R. K. (2009). Using accounting faculty for quality control inspections.Ohio CPA Journal,48(2), 10. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/214827456?accountid=458Reyes, J. E. (2012). Quality control inspection program counterstone of a high-performance project organization.Organization, applied science & Management in Construction,4(1) Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1317621975?accountid=458Tuominen, V. ( 2012).

Marketing Research and Segmentation Problem Paper

Marketing and Segmentation Problem - Research Paper ExampleTherefore, it can be mentioned in a nutshell that the hospital caters to the general race with a wide range of checkup facilities. Research A research on the consumers in the area surrounding the hospital would be carried out with the garter of Value and Lifestyles (VALS2) and Potential Rating Index by Zip Market (PRIZM). VALS2 This tool for lifestyle analysis makes an endeavor to contour consumers by categorizing into three divers(a) orientation groups and they are regulation oriented, action oriented and status oriented. Each of the categories is believed to be supported by two dimensions and they are resources as well as self-orientation. The orientation groups are then again sub-grouped into eight diverse lifestyle segments. These mentioned lifestyle segments are known as actualizers, fulfilleds or survivors, achievers, believers, experiencers, strivers, makers and strugglers. The medical facility or rather the hos pital is assumed to be located in the United States (US) where the population has been learnt to be alienated into three main consumer kinds as previously mentioned. The principle oriented individuals are the ones whose selection for services is presided over by their respective beliefs rather than their requirement for support from other individuals. The selections of the status oriented individuals are speculate to be guided by the support, action along with the views of the other individuals. The action oriented individuals are measured to be those who get stimulated by a desire for physical or even social form of activity, risk bearing and variety (Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2012). The believers and the fulfilleds have been stated to fall below the category of principle oriented individuals. The actualizers, achievers, strivers and strugglers are learnt to belong to the category of status oriented individuals. Lastly, the experiencers and the makers are clubbed in the category of action oriented individuals or segments. Therefore, the industriousness of this particular model would effectively aid in segmenting the market for the needed kind of service (Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2012). PRIZM The other tool for assessing the lifestyle of the individuals for the mean service is the PRIZM. The intention of this mentioned tool is recognized to be the sagaciousness of the geographic regions along with associating them with the consumption pattern. This form of assessment is supposed to be founded on the self-reliance that lifestyle as well as consumption remains principally guided by the demographic rudiments. An imperative step with regard to this form of assessment is the ascertainment of the proper base definition in order to appropriately match up with the accurate household base (Scarborough Research, 2012). Market Segmentation The target segment or rather the kind of individuals targeted for the medical facility or the hosp ital would be the principle oriented individuals and the status oriented individuals. The initial category of individuals are learnt to be quite well educated individuals who are either engaged with professional occupations or are retired. This implies that the age group can be observed from middle to higher that is from 40 to above 65 years of age. This particular segment would be the appropriate choice as the target patients for the intended medical facility owing to their age group. The individuals belonging

Films Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Films - Essay ExampleThe Godfather is one of the popular 70s movies that many love to this date. (Lee and Waterman 2) The 70s was an age of producing films that represent an era full of passion, love, science fiction and nostalgia of television miniseries.The movies from the 1970s still extend excellent movies attraction due to the music, the movie sequence, the dressing and culture that is well illustrated. These films represent a dawn in production of superb movies, which are copied and parodied of the 70s lifestyle. However, the movies in todays times still have that courage and toughness in production of movies that have hit the market at a wider scale. Movies like the Titanic and Avatar have won world wide recognition from many audiences, and the movie industry is still growing more and more.Lee, Sang-woo, and David Waterman. Theatrical Feature Film Trade in the United States,Europe, and Japan since the 1950s An Empirical Study of the Home Market Effect.Journal of Media Econom ics 20.3

Comparison & Contrast Between Two Online Holiday Companies Essay

Comparison & Contrast Between Two Online Holiday Companies - judge ExampleThis report stresses that lowcostholidays.com is essentially targeting the middle signifier families who look forward to traveling but have a very limited budget for the same. Kuoni.co.uk, on the other hand, has a different approach and a different feel to the website. The moment we get into the website, it gives a rich appeal and talks about lavishness destinations, which clearly implicates their target market. Kouni.co.uk targets the upper class by offering luxury holidays packages with premium pricing which is not affordable by the average middle class families. This paper makes a conclusion that they are still successful with their physical promotion and presence and attract many customers who are looking for relaxations by travelling to some exotic locations. Lowcostholidays.com, on the other hand, is successful in their own way by doing significant online promotions and launching their exclusive appli cation on facebook with the military service of Betapond. They have successfully established themselves as low cost solution for travelers worldwide. Sticking to their current market and trying to capitalize on their target customers would champion them to continuously be successful in their respective areas. The author of the report approves that since customer feedback is quite essential for the process, there is a rating prompt after every chat to enable the visitor comment on the level of service. This is very important for quality assurance purposes. It is also interesting to note that the confederacy website is able to provide online booking and quote services. As a result, one does not have to visit Kuonis offices to be able to book for his or her preferred destination.

Article Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Article Critique - Essay ExamplePurpose of the search The research sought to establish the factors from the SCT standpoint that influence the consumption demeanor of fruits and vegs among the adolescents in the low-income bracket of the black Americans in the lower Mississippi Delta region. Personal, environmental as sanitary as behavioural factors have been investigated in the study to establish the extent to which they influence the consumption patterns of fruits and vegetables by the targeted adolescents. Method of the research This qualitative research use the focus group methodology to collect data from the participants. 42 adolescents between the ages of 10 and 13 years were involved in the focus groups which were divided as into six. 21 female and 21 male adolescents were involved in this study. The advantage of this method is that it enabled the researcher to get personal opinions from the participants about the factors that influenced their consumption behaviour and pa tterns of fruits and vegetables. Results of the research The results of the research have been divided into three main categories of the Social Cognitive Theory which include behavioural, personal and environmental factors. ... Personal factors such as appreciation played a major role in influencing the consumption behaviour of fruits and vegetables among the youths who participated in the survey. There were both negative and positive connotations about the taste of fruits and vegetables. For instance, umteen youths revealed that they like fruits because of their sweet taste while the taste of vegetables produced more negative reactions. Many youths described the taste of vegetables as nasty and they said that they would rather choose to eat vegetables that have been prepared with sugar or cheese since these ingredients could improve the taste. The results of the study also revealed that environmental factors have an influence on the consumption behaviour of fruits and vegetables by the youths. The aspect of availability played a major role in influencing the behaviour of youths towards fruits and vegetables. Many participants pointed out that fruits and vegetables were not readily available at their homes as well as the nearby grocery shops. Some of the youths said they ate fruits and vegetables when they visit their friends places. This showed that the youths cannot be able to consume something they cannot readily access and this is seen as a barrier to their consumption behaviour of the fruits and vegetables. Conclusion of the research The purpose of this research was to explore factors that influence the low-income southern black American adolescents fruit and vegetable consumption patterns with the aim of developing tools that are culturally relevant for intervention and measurement of behaviour among this target group with regards to choice of fruits and

Choosing a Right University Essay Example for Free

Choosing a Right University EssayChoosing a university is a serious life-decision, because a university is a deterrent example of the real world and a place to stay for four years. In a university, we can chase for genuine knowledge, expand social networking, and learn nigh how to interact with people, etc. If we choose the wrong school, we might miss a lot of opportunities to learn and experience. In order to choose the right university, we draw 3 important factors to consider pedantic resources, activity resources, and accessibility. Since studying is the first priority for a university student, there is no doubt that we should first consider whether the school contains the academic resources that fit our interest . On one hand, if the students have interests in disciplinary sphere of influences, then they should choose a comprehensive university instead of a single field university. On the other hand, for students who have interest in specific field, they should choose t he school that is dominant in that particular field.That is to say, to investigate whether the school owns the academic cleverness of the field that we are curious about is vital. Besides studying, how the students spend their free time is the second important factor to think about. Do the students spend solely their spare time fooling around, or play on-line games? Or do they have various opportunities to experience life?In other words, we have to know whether the school offers chances of meaningful experiences for student to explore the world, such as international conferences, enlightened speeches, exchange programs, volunteering works and student clubs, etc. After wake academic and extracurricular resources provided by the school, we can then take a look at the accessibility of the school. The reason why the accessibility of school strike to be considered carefully is because there are still lots of things happen out of the campus. For example, exhibitions, intern, and speec hes etc.all take place in the city center. As a result, we need to check whether we have the convenient access to the city center, for having chances to get connection with the real world. Choosing an ideal university is a complicated matter, but quest for the factors which mentioned above might help us cross out some unsuitable options. To conclude, first is to know about the academic background of the school, then to condition what extracurricular opportunities the school offers, and finally to know whether the access from to the real world is convenient or not.

History of American Education Essay Example for Free

History of American Education EssayThe Colonial Period (16071775) 1642 mom Bay Colony constabulary requires proper teaching of children. In 1642, the Mass Bay Colony ruled children not taught properly would be apprenticed (practical ferment experience under the direction of skilled workers in the trade and arts) to the town. The Early National Period (17751820) 1805 First elementary school established in New York, Formed by a wealthy businessmen to provide education for poor children. Run on the Lancastrian model that the older students learn and pass it down to the younger children. The mutual School Movement (18201865).1825 Noah Webster standardizes word meanings. First edition of Noah Websters An American Dictionary is published. The Evolution of the American High School (1890- 1920) 1895 First compassment test devised. Joseph sieve develops a spelling test, which he gives to over 16,000 students in eighth grade. The spelling test is made of 50 words. The Modern Era (1946 present) 1954 Brown vs. Board of education, capital of Kansas case makes segregated schooling illegal on the grounds that segregated schools generate feelings of racial inferiority and are inherently unequal.The Colonial Period (16071775) 1642 Massachusetts Bay Colony law requires proper teaching of children. In 1642, the Mass Bay Colony ruled children not taught properly would be apprenticed (practical work experience under the supervision of skilled workers in the trade and arts) to the town. This even in education history has shaped todays classroom and proposes enceinte reflection of what children are to become tomorrow.In this even, societies are molding a future for children, boosting their education in hopes that someday theywill have made a wise career choice and make something of them. Not intended for the children to work under someones care, but to work for themselves. This is still practiced in todays classroom. The curriculum gets more complicated and t he lessons get harder to accomplish. This paves the way for children to challenge themselves and others around them in order to succeed. Teachers are to encourage students to be what they sine qua non to be in life and not to settle for less.Children are encouraged by parents, teachers and society to become successful no matter what they plan to achieve with their education. This method is started before birth for many children and parents. Parents practice things such as singing, playing music, reading and talking to unborn children to stimulate them in the womb. This stimulation helps children pass faster and learn easier when they are born. Society has stressed to children that they should learn, learn, and learn some more to be as successful as they can possibly be.

Interest Rates Affects on the Is-Lm Model Essay Example for Free

Interest Rates Affects on the Is-Lm Model Essay appointee 4 5. According to the IS-LM model, what happens to the amour rate, income, consumption and invest under the following circumstances. a. The central bank increases money supply. An increase in the money supple shifts the LM curve downward. The equilibrium moves from point A to point B. Income rises from Y1 to Y2 and the interest rate travel from r1 to r2. Therefore this increase in money supply causes a minify in interest rate, an increase in income, an increase in consumption and an increase in investment. LM Income, output, Y b. Government increases government purchasesAn increase in government purchases result in a shift in the IS curve to the right. The equilibrium moves from point A to point B. Income rises from Y1 to Y2 and interest rate rises from r1 to r2. This increase in government purchases therefore causes interest rate to rise and income also rises. Consumption depart also increase but the increase in gove rnment purchases will cause investment to decrease. interest rate, r LM IS2 IS1 Income, output, Y c. The government increases taxes. An increase in taxes shifts the IS curve to the left. The equilibrium moves from point A to point B.Income falls from Y1 to Y2 and the interest rate from r1 to r 2. Therefore increase in taxes will bring about a decrease in interest rate, cause income to also decrease which will decrease consumption also but will result in an increase in investment. interest rate, r LM IS1 IS2 Income, output, Y d. The government increase government purchases and taxes equally 6. Consider the following economy of Hicksonia. a. The consumption function is given by C= two hundred + 0. 75 (Y T) The investment function is I= 200-25r Government purchases and taxes are both 100.

Role of Multi-Detector CT in Paranasal Sinuses

Role of Multi-Detector CT in Paranasal SinusesSUMMARY OF THESIS summon of speciality Radio-diagnosisName of System Head and NeckTitle of Thesis and Role of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography in Paranasal SinusesPathology, 2015.Lakshmi Kumar ChalamarlaName of Supervisor Dr. Kavita Kapoor, ConsultantImaging, Batra infirmary andMedical Research Centre, New Delhi.Hospital/Institute Batra Hospital and Medical ResearchCentre, New Delhi-110062.AIMS AND OBJECTIVESTo characterize pathologies of paranasal sinuses on MDCT and to delineate their anatomical location, point of reference and bony involvement.To correlate the multi detector computed tomography findings with clinical/operative/histopathological/ microbiological findings.MATERIAL AND METHODSSTUDY AREAThe have was conducted at the Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging in quislingism with the Department of ENT, Department of Pathology, and Department of Microbiology, Batra Hospital and Medical Research Centre. Other departme nts are collaborated for acquiring cases, and follow up of patients to correlate clinically or histopathologically or microbiologically.STUDY POPULATION100 patients were included in our examine mostly urban population. Patients belonged to both OPD and IPD cases. The study comprised of 65 males and 35 females. The number of male patients were high than the female patients. at that place were 15 patients in 0 20 years age group, 36 patients in 21 40 years age group, 37 in 41 60 years age group and 12 were greater than 60 years. The age group of patients ranged from minimum of 9 months to maximum of 81 years. The highest number of patients were in 41 60 years age group.SAMPLE SIZE100 patients referred for evaluation of sinus complaints were enrolled in the study after fulfilling the comprehension and exclusion criteria and taking written/verbal informed coincide from July 2013 to April 2015.INCLUSION CRITERIAPatients with complaints like headache/nasal obstruction/discharge/h yposmia /swelling over boldness and with clinically suspected paranasal sinuses lesions referred for MDCT PNS evaluation.EXCLUSION CRITERIAAcute sinonasal inflammatory disease.Previous evidence of sinonasal surgical procedure.All cases of trauma.SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATION(Ref. Methods in biostatistics, Dr. B. K. Mahajan, 7th edition, pg. 85)For numeration of sample size Mahajans allowable error formula was applied.N = 4pq/e2Where p = % of population = Target population/Total population100q = 1-pe = 20% of pAs per CT room register over last 3 yearsMinimum no. of MDCT PNS cases at our hospital/month = 20Maximum no. of MDCT PNS cases approach shot under exclusion criteria/month = 5So,Minimum no. of MDCT PNS cases at our hospital/year = 240Maximum no. of cases coming under exclusion criteria/year = 60So, p = 180/240100 = 75q = 25e = 20% of p = 15N = 47525/152 = 33.The minimum sample size thus calculated should be 33.STUDY DESIGNObservational study.CT PNS of the patients was evaluated fo r the cause of sinus complaints. Causes deduced from CT PNS were correlated with clinical/histopathological/surgical/ microbiological findings.ETHICAL ISSUESThe study was conducted after necessary approval from the Institutional review board and ethics committee. MDCT is a non-invasive modality. All sentry duty and screening measures were undertaken as per the American College of Radiology practice guidelines for performing Computed Tomography.INSTRUMENTATIONLight VCT 64 slice MDCT of GE radical system with advanced workstation 4.3 GE.communications protocol followed for MDCT PNS1. Scout LateralkV 120mA 10Scout Plane 9002. Axial ImageskV 120mA 120Start/ cobblers last 0 to 74.3Total Exposure Time 5.4 secGantry tilt 0Interval 0.625 mmSlice thickness 0.625 mmHelical contemplateRotation Time 0.6 secRotation Length FullPitch and Speed 0.5311 10.62 mm/rotationDetector Coverage 20 mmPROFORMAUnique ID NoHISTORYPresenting ComplaintsNasal discharge HeadacheNasal obstruction EpistaxisSwelling over cheek Hyposmia/AnosmiaOthersH/O roll of tobaccoOccupational exposureHistory of AllergyAny other Systemic IllnessFamily HistoryEXAMINATIONGeneral ExaminationLocal Examination brushupProbe testOthersImportant Surgical FindingsInvestigational ResultsMDCT PNS HistopathologyMicrobiological and other important lab testsDepartment of Radio-diagnosis and ImagingBatra Hospital and Medical research CentreM.B.Road, New Delhi-110062. certified CONSENT FORMI s/d/w of r/odo hereby declare that I give informed take to participate in the thesis study titled, ROLE OF MULTI-DETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN PARANASAL SINUSES PATHOLOGY.Dr. Lakshmi Kumar Chalamarla has informed me to my full satisfaction, in the language understand, about the purpose, nature of study and various investigations to be carried out for the study. I have been informed about the duration of the study and the possible benefits and risks.I give full, free and voluntary consent for being enrolled in the above study and reserve the right to look at from the study whenever I wish to without any prejudice of my right to undergo barely treatment at this hospital and its associated hospitals. I have been given a copy of this form on with the patient reading piece of paper.For illiterates patient information sheet will be shared with the family members. The family members are expected to read out and then get the informed consent. We will try to take written consent, if non we will take verbal consent in front of relatives.(Signature/Thumb (Signature/ThumbImpression of patient) Impression of relative)Name NameDate Relation vocal Consent DatePATIENT INFORMATION SHEETTitle ROLE OF MULTI-DETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN PARANASAL SINUSES PATHOLOGY.Introduction This statement describes the purpose, procedures, benefits, risks and discomforts of the study and your right to withdraw from the study at any point of time.Purpose This study involves MDCT scan evaluation of patients with paran asal sinus complaints.Study Procedure Your relevant clinical record will be recorded, clinical examination will be conducted and findings noted. MDCT PNS will be performed and the radiological findings will be recorded. These findings are correlated with clinical/surgical/histopathological/microbiological findings.Benefits No monetary benefits will be given to you. However, any new information that can come to light regarding any new findings in the study will help in further management of the disease and help all other ailing patients suffering from this problem.Confidentiality Records of your study participation will be kept confidential, under safe custody. Any publication of data will not identify you by name. By signing the consent form you realise the sharing of your study related medical records to the regulatory authorities and the Institutional Ethical Committee.Information regarding withdrawal You have the right to withdraw yourself from the study at any time during the course of the study without any prejudice to you or your familys right to undergo future treatment at BATRA HOSPITAL.Contact for additional information Any time during or after the study, you can obtain further information about the study from Dr. Lakshmi Kumar Chalamarla, Department of Radio-diagnosis, BHMRC, New Delhi.DATA ANALYSISSensitivity, specificity, exacting predictive value and prejudicial predictive values were calculated, followed by use of Fischer Exact test. Diagnostic accuracy of MDCT for different pathologies were calculatedThe research hypothesis and statistical methods were formed in consultation with the Biostatistician.SALIENT FINDINGSKey imaging features considered were significant anatomical variations, site of involvement, bony and soft tissue changes, invasion of surrounding structures, pathognomic features and correlation coefficient with clinical complaints/surgical/pathological/microbiological findings.The patients were divided into five categories bacte rial sinusitis, fungal sinusitis, benign tumors, malignant tumors, and others. 84 patients presented with sub acute or chronic bacterial sinusitis, 4 patients were of fungal sinusitis, 4 patients presented with benign tumors, 3 patients with malignant tumors and 5 patients with other conditions.Among 84 patients with bacterial sinusitis, 26 patients presented with sporadic pattern, 23 patients with infundibular pattern, 23 patients with ostiomeatal whole pattern, 8 patients with polyposis pattern, and 4 patients with sphenoid recess pattern.The various causative factors which came across in infundibular pattern were Haller cells in 6 cases, giant bulla ethmoidalis in 6 cases, uncinate process pneumatisation in 1 case, and mucoperiosteal modify in 10 cases.The various causative factors for ostiomeatal pattern which were found during our study were inferior turbinate hypertrophy in 6 cases, giant bulla ethmoidalis in 6 cases, deviated nasal septum with or without septal spur in 4 cas es, concha bullosa in 3 cases, concha lamella in 2 cases, agger nasi cell in 1 case, and paradoxical middle turbinate in 1 case.The various findings which were encountered in bacterial sinusitis in our study were mucoperiosteal thickening in 84 cases, ostiomeatal unit block in 31 patients, swot thickening in 20 patients, bone thinning in 8 cases, and bone sclerosis in 6 patients.Various anatomical variations were encountered during our study. One or the other anatomic variation was found in 99 cases ( 99% ).Of the structures virtually ostiomeatal unit, giant bulla ethmoidalis was found in 35 cases, middle turbinate pneumatisation in 33 cases, paradoxical curvature of middle turbinate in 19 cases. Haller cell was found in 15 cases. Type 1 frontal sinus drainage pathway in 78 cases, type 2 frontal sinus drainage pathway in 21 cases. Deviated nasal septum with or without septal spur in 55 cases, inferior turbinate hypertrophy in 30 cases, accessory maxillary ostia in 26 cases, and a gger nasi cell in 93 cases. Type 1 optic nerve course was found in 53 cases, type 2 in 14 cases, type 3 in 9 cases, and type 4 optic nerve course along with Onodi cells in 23 cases. Type 1 anterior clinoid process pneumatisation was found in 10 cases, type 2 pneumatisation in 1 case. Sphenoid septum squinty attachment in 7 cases, and sphenoid sinus septum pneumatisation in 14 cases.Among 4 patients with fungal sinusitis, the various findings were bilateral / multisinus involvement was found in 4 cases, expansion of any involved sinus was found in 4 cases, intrasinus hyperdensity was found in 4 cases. impecunious thinning was found in 4 cases, bony erosions and nasal cavity involvement was found in 3 cases.The various findings in 4 cases of benign tumors seen ( 1 inverted papilloma, 1 juvenile angiofibroma and 2 ivory osteomas ) were bony thinning in 2 cases, bony remodelling in 2 cases, multisinus involvement in 2 cases, intracranial backstage in 1 case, and intra orbital extensi on in 1 case. Bony destruction, bone thickening/sclerosis, and calcification were not seen in any of the cases.Among 3 cases of malignant tumors, various findings were Bony destruction in 3 cases, bony thinning in 3 cases, bony remodelling in 0 cases, multisinus involvement in 2 cases, intracranial extension in 2 cases, and intra orbital extension in 3 cases. Bone thickening/sclerosis, and calcification were not seen in any of the cases.In our study we found sensitiveness and specificity for bacterial sinusitis as 100% and 94.11% respectively. The fungal sinusitis had sensitivity an specificity of 75% and 100% respectively. Benign, malignant tumors and others had sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The diagnostic accuracy for bacterial sinusitis and fungal sinusitis was 99%, and the diagnostic accuracy of benign, malignant tumors and others was 100%. The p value was obtained after applying Fischer Exact test. The p value obtained was statistically significant for all the disease conditions. found on the statistical values it can be inferred that multi detector computed tomography is useful to characterize paranasal sinuses lesions with respect to anatomical delineation, extension and bony involvement.There are certain limitations in our study. Our findings cannot be generalised to the whole population because of the limited sample size. However, our findings add value to the research done. The role of contrast cannot be adequately studied. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in various paranasal sinus pathologies was not evaluated.CONCLUSIONSParanasal sinus diseases are very commonly encountered problems in clinical practice. Clinical assessment alone is not sufficient to reach a diagnosis, as the presentation of most of the conditions is nonspecific. Imaging forms the mainstay not only in making correct diagnosis, but also to know the extent of lesion, pre-operative assessment of the sinonasal anatomy and commonly encountered anatomic variations. X ray has low sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. CT is highly sensitive and specific in determining the presence of paranasal sinus pathology and clearly demonstrates the complex anatomy. The introduction of multi detector CT has transformed the axial imaging modality into a volumetric one and allows the pathology to be displayed in any desired plane. The capability of thin-section acquisition improves visualisation of bantam pathological details, and the isotropic nature of high spatial resolution data sets enables display in multiple planes, obviating image acquisition in addicted or hyper extended patient position.RECOMMENDATIONSMDCT has proved to be highly sensitive in classifying the lesions into clinically relevant categories, making diagnosis and more so in knowing the extent of involvement with a high diagnostic accuracy.MDCT is an indispensible tool before Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) to accurately delineate the mulct bony details t hat contribute to disease and also can predispose to complications which can be fatal.MDCT is very useful in predicting the diagnosis of fungal sinusitis by the presence of intrasinus hyperdensity, granulomatous diseases by the presence of nasal septal perforation and intracranial or intraorbital invasion, malignancy by bone destruction and invasion.MDCT can tailor the surgery according to the extent of disease. It helps in determining the prognosis of the malignant tumors depending on the site and extent of the disease. It can also obviate the need for surgery in certain conditions like polyposis.MRI can be problem solving tool in differentiating inflammatory sinonasal diseases from tumors, and also for the presence of intracranial or intraorbital extension.However, MRI alone cannot be performed in the evaluation of paranasal sinus diseases because of the problem of signal voids. It has to be supplemented by CT.MDCT is the preferred modality of all imaging studies purchasable beca use of its ease, availability, accuracy, precision and low cost.

The Electricity Company Of Ghana Action Plan Finance Essay

The Electricity Company Of gold coast Action Plan Finance EssayElectricity gene symmetryn, transmission and distribution in gold coast mainly shoot three institutions that work in an interrelated manner. Volta River Authority (VRA) gene range the electric power through hydro and thermal plants and, until recently, as well as had responsibility for the high voltage transmission system. The Ghana Grid Company (GRIDCO), created as part of reforms in the power sector, now has responsibility for the high voltage transmission so as to befuddle that disconnected from generation entities. It is the least known of the institutions. The Electricity Company of Ghana ( electrocardiogram) distributes the energy produced to most consumers through low voltage transmission lines. It is the institution that is in place contact with most of the public. Figure 1 below shows the main processes of the power distribution in Ghana.The ECG is a limited liability fraternity possess completely by the Government of Ghana and has the responsibility of supplying and distributing electrical power in the southern part of Ghana. It was established in November 1997 as formulate Stock Company based on the companies code in accordance with the 1993 Corporate Act (Act 461) of Ghana. The company has its headquarters in Accra, a total hands of 5,281 with a customer base of 1.7 million (ECG annual report 2008).VisionThe ECGs vision is to be among the leading electricity distribution companies in Africa in damage of property, safety and reliability.Mission StatementThe mission statement of the company is to provide quality electricity services to support sparing growth and wearment in Ghana.The primary objective of the company is to supply electrical energy to people in its atomic number 18as of operation. In discharging its various duties, the company has executed a number of guinea pig electrification programmes on behalf of the government. The ECG is a monopoly in the electricity di stribution sub sector of Ghana. The tariffs that clients pay for the supply of electricity services are regulated by the state owned company called Public Utility Regulatory Commission. The ECG charges commercial rates to its clients which are subsidized by government.Organizational structureThe company is run by the circuit board of Directors, Principal Officers and Advisors. The companys display board of Directors are appointed by the Government of Ghana. The Principal Officers and Advisors control and run the eight directorates of the Company. These directorates are engineer, trading operations, guest Services, physicals Transport, Finance, Audit, Legal Services and Human Resources. Figure 2 below depicts the disposalal structure of the ECG.Fig.2 The Organizational Chart of ECGBoard of DirectorsManagingDirectorrectordivisional Managers (3)divisional Managers (6)Director Legal ServicesDirector Customer servicesDivisional Managers (3)EmployeesEmployeesDirector Human Resourc eDirector Customer servicesDirector Material and TransportDirector Material and TransportDirector AuditDirector FinanceDirector designDirector operationsDivisional Managers (6)Divisional Managers(3)Divisional Managers (2)Divisional Managers (2)Divisional Managers (3)Divisional Managers (3)Divisional Managers (5)Divisional Managers (3)Lower managemt EmployeesLOwerManagemt EmployeesLowerManagemt employeesEmployeesLowerManagemt EmployeesLowermanagemt EmployeesLower managemt EmployeesLowerManagemt EmployeesLowerManagmtEmployeesBoard of DirectorsThe Board of Directors as at 29th June, 2009 was composed of the following personsIng.Sqn. Ldr. Clend Sowu (Rtd.) The chairman of the Board. He is a Consultant Engineer and a Retired Military Officer.Mr. Cephas Gakpo The Managing Director of the companyMr. Bernard Allotey Jacobs A Media PractitionerBarimah Kwame Nkyii XII Omanhene Assin Aimanim Traditional Area, Tax Ecpert.Dr. Kwaku Osafo Economist/EngineerMr. Samuel M. Codjoe LawyerMr. Anthony Gyampo EducationistMr. Kwabena Adjei Businessman, Communication ProfessionalHon. Dr. Nii Oakley Quaye-Kumah Member of Parliament for Krowor Constituency, Veterinary SurgeonMr. Jake Kofi Anre A Lawyer and Secretary to the BoardDirectorates of ECGThe Engineering Directorate is responsible for the planning and designing of the distribution net income. The directorate is overly responsible for the procurement and death penalty of investment projects.The Operations Directorate is responsible for delivering quality reliable and safe supply of electricity to customers, maintain the network regularly in graze to cut down the number of interruptions and outages, respond quickly to faults and use modern technology to operate the distribution systemMaterials Transport Directorate has responsibilities of managing all activities regarding materials received for projects and other ECG operations. In addition, the department has to manage all operations regarding Transport (Vehicles).Custom er Services Directorate has responsibilities of gathering all information about forefinger Purchases, Power Sales, Average End-User-Tariff (EUT), System Losses, Revenue Collection, debtors position at the end of each year and customer population.Audit Directorate is responsible of operational, commercial and financial activities of ECG. With practiced Audits, physical inspections and reconciliation of materials usage are carried out. The directorate is also responsible of Audit investigations on fraud and corruption. Lastly, it support Management about operational activities and break down directives to address them.Legal Services provides legal services to the ECG. The Director is the Secretary to the Board of Directors and maintains a Board Secretariat to provide secretarial services to the Board of Directors. He is involved in the prosecution of people involved in the illegal activities against the ECG to take down system blemishes.Finance Directorate has responsibilities of analyzing and reviewing financial data, inform financial performance, preparing budgets and monitoring expenditures and appeals for the ECG as a whole.Human Resources Management Directorate has responsibilities in the following areas Staffing (Employment and Recruitment, Personnel records, Compensation) Training and Development and industrial Relations (Health and Safety).The ECG is a Strategic Enterprise in the sense that it is the only electricity distribution company that supplies electricity to the whole of Ghana. Secondly it offers exercise to over 5,000 Ghanaians, making it the largest employer in Ghana.SITUATIONAL ANALYSISThe analysis of the performance of ECG as described below is based on available information up to year 2008.The Impact of Global and National Forces on ECGs OperationsThe worldwide economic recession (Credit Crunch) affected both the economy of Ghana and ECGs operations. The year motto rapid hikes in crude oil and metal prices which resulted in the high cost of power generation from thermal sources and sharp increases in the cost of materials and equipment postulate for capital investment projects.The Ghana Cedi also depreciated against the major world trading currencies specially the US Dollar, the Euro, and the British Pound. Since most of the inputs for ECGs capital investment projects were imported, prices consequently change magnitude relative to energy cut-rate sales which were generally denominated in the Ghana Cedi. The cost of investment projects at that placefore increased from 12% to about 20%. The U.S dollar for shell appreciated in value against the Ghana Cedi from a rate of $1 GH0.92 in July 2007 to $1 GH1.49 in June 20091The ostentatiousness rate in Ghana also contributed to the high cost of operations and subsequently affected the companys receiptsability. The inflation rate has increased over the period from an average of 10.73% in 2007, 16.46% in 2008 to 19.86% in 2009. This resulted in increases in labor cost and other local raw material inputs. Details of the inflation rate is attached as appendix 1Financial, Operations and Human Resources PerformanceProfit and LossThe ECG has do an run profit of GH25,089,202 in 2008. Prior to this year, the company had been making losses. In 2006 and 2007 for example, the net operational losses were (GH3,429,300) and (GH8,657,716) respectively.Current additionsThe stocks direct at year 2008 was GH135,851,792. This was an increase of 99.8% over year 2007 mental image. The Accounts Receivables also increased by 50.5% to GH258,033,418 in 2008. The table below depicts the attitude of the Current Assets of the company over the three year period from 2006 to 2008.Current Assets2008 GH%age change2007 GH%age change2006 GHStocks135,851,79299.867,999,84139.348,800,300Debtors258,033,41850.5171,411,58716.2147,503,100Prepayment8,323,294184.62,924,574 48.45,665,800Short Term Investment16,358,519108.57,845,12612.07,002,600 immediate payment and Cash Balanc es49,473,76542.634,690,92916.429,796,100468,040,78864.3284,872,05719.3238,767,900The increases in the stocks and debtors depict a weak inventory management and character policy of the company.Debtor/Sales RatioThe Debtor/Sales ratio which is an expression of customer debt in days of billing was 130 days in 2008. It deteriorated from 138 days in 2006 to 162 days in 2007 representing a decrease of 17.4%. Although there was an improvement from 162 days in 2007 to 130 in 2008, the figure is still too high.Loans and Suppliers CreditThe ECG through the Government of Ghana has secured the following loans and credit from the World Bank and other suppliers for investments in its distribution network. This has increased the companys debt situation tremendously.DSUP $15m financed by IDA, ECG (2003-2007)GEDAP $94.5m financed by IDA and cooperators, AfDB, ECG, (2008-2012)GEDAP Extension $70m for Ashanti Region, financed by IDA (2010-2014)French credit Euro 65m for Tema and Kumas. pay fr om the french govt. (2008-2012)Norwegian credit Euro 60m for Greater Accra and Eastern regions. Financing from the Norwegian govt. (2008-2012)El Sewedy credit 16.5m from El Sewedy TD (2010-2011)As at December 2008, an substance of GH171.92 million was outstanding in suppliers credit.Systems LossesSystem loss is a power loss in its course from the source to end users. In 2007 the systems loss was 24.03%. This increased to 25.58% in 2008 as result of poor transmitting system and also theft through illegal connections. The ECGs performance in this area is declining and this is adding onto the cost of operations of the company. The table below shows the trend of the systems losses over a three year period from 2006 to 2008.System losses units (GWh)Year2005200620072008 replete(p) Purchases5045.45252.85145.65799.4Total sales3762.03978.43909.14315.8System losses in %24.2624.0325.58Human Resources CapacityECGs ply strength at the end of the year 2008 was 5,281. This was an increase of 6 .07% over year 2007 figure of 4,929. Staff turnover over the year period is showed in the table below.Employee turnoverYear200620072008Employee turnover3.02%3.27%3.53%The percentage of employee turnover increased from 3.27% in 2007 to 3.53% in 2008. The reasons assigned for this increase upon our investigation are lack of motivation and incentives to the employees.E military rank of ECGThis section of the Plan tries to come out with a range of evaluate fair market values for ECG incase the government find it necessary to privatize it.The main purpose of this evaluation is to give all stakeholders especially government and management of the company a fair market range of values within which the ECG can be sold.ECG, as already mentioned preceding(prenominal) is a public monopolist and as such not listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE). As a result of this, the market coincidence Method of evaluation can not be used. The only feasible formulas to use would be the Asset Appraisal M ethod and the Discounted Cash Flow Method.Asset Appraisal MethodThis method involves revising all the plus and liabilities of the company including Goodwill. Using the 2008 audited financial report of the company, we can easily get the values of the asset and liabilities of the company at Net Book cherishs (NBV) and not the Revised Values.Since we are not in a position to revalue the companys assets and liabilities we are solely relying on the NBV of these assets and liabilities. The NBV of assets and liabilities for the 2008 financial year were given as follow2008GHCurrent Assets 468,040,788Fixed AssetsPlant, Property and Equipment 1,171,197,452Goodwill 2,021,653,890Total Asset 5,008,661,390Less Current Liabilities (259,567,145)Value ECG 3,401,324,985Calculating the value of GoodGoodwill is calculated based on the Supper Profit Method. This involves determining a value for the expected future profit of the company. Here, some past profit of the collected based on the 2008 report and an average is taken. We then make adjustments to reflect future profits. Thus, expected future expenses and income are adjusted.Years Net profit/LossGH1999 17365,2592000 (7,583,807)2001 152,973,0462002 (451,974)2003 (483,609)2004 (269,686)2005 (305,425)2006 (475,200)2007 (48,836,581)2008 11,598,017Total 123,530,040Average profit for the 10 years = anticipate approaching Operating ExpensesLooking at the operating expenses of the company over the years, the average expenses over the years is around GH6,574,530. Since expenses are expected to increase over the coming years, a 10% adjustment is made to reflect future changes. This 10% was chosen based on the increasing trend of operating expenses from 1999 to 2008. This brings the total future expected operating expenses to (GH6574530 +GH657453) GH7,231,983.Expected Future IncomeAgain, looking at the operating income over the years, the average income for the 10 years is GH54,145,602. Since the expected income are expected to incre ase as a result of the stabilization of the Ghanaian Cedi against major foreign currencies, stable world price of crude oil, materials, and of course the discovery of crude oil in Ghana. Taking all these factors into consideration, a 15% adjustment is made to reflect these changes. on that pointfore the future operating income is (GH54,145,602 + 8,121,840) GH62,267,442GHThe number of years of purchase which depends on the bargaining powers of both the government who is the owner of ECG and the would-be private investor on the reputation of the company.ECG, as earlier discussed, serves both the Ghanaian Economy and other two countries in West Africa (Togo Benin). It also has the potential to expend to other countries as a result of the discovery of crude oil in Ghana. With all the above reputations and potentials, we have decided to reparation the number of years of purchase at 30 years.The Goodwill for the company would beLimitation of this methodThe value of the fixed assets u sed in the valuation might have some composition of non-productive assets and therefore would affect the fair market value of the company.Discounted Cash Flow MethodThis method takes into consideration the epoch value of money. Thus, discounted cash streams of future cash hang. Here, the first thing we do is to forecast the future cash flow by making adjustments to 2008 cash flow of the company.From the cash flow statement (2008), the net cash flow was GH15,819,658. Since cash inflows are expected to increase over the next few years ascribable to expansion and reduction in operating expenses, an upward adjustment of 15% is made to the net cash flow for the next five (5) years. Thus, from 2008 up to 2013. Expected net cash flow from 2013 upwards can not be forecasted due to uncertainty.Discount RateThe company is at the moment using a discount rate of 10%. Due to the possibility of inflation and exchange rate fluctuations, have decided to fix the discount rate between 12% 15%.Acc ording to the discounted cash flow methodFMV = Present value of cash flow up to the termination year + Present value of terminal value.YearExpected Net Cash FlowGH200918192607201020921498201124059722201227668681201331818983Using the NPV formula which is given as NPV =, we can now calculate NPV at both rates of discount (12% and 15%).NPV 12%=But Terminal =NPV =NPV (12%) = GH2,200,234,081NPV 15%=But terminal value =NPV = GH1,708,064,531InterpretationsSince the Asset Appraisal Method gave us the highest value of GH3,401,324,985 it would be considered. We are therefore concentrating on the Discounted Cash Flow Method range of values to determine the value of the company. This therefore means that the value of ECG, must be in the range of GH1,708,064,531 and GH2,200,234,081.SWOT ANALYSISThe investigations conducted on the ECG revealed the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats as summarized in the table below.STRENGTHCompetent Work ForceHigh level of technical expertiseGover nment SupportA monopolist (large customer base)Facilities (i.e. warehouse)Availability of donor fundsInstallation of prepayment metersCustomer Call Center colossal Distribution network systemLow cost of production as compared to countries in the sub regionAvailability of electrical fault detection technologyWEAKNESSESHigh turnover of professional and technical staffUncompetitive conditions of services omit of rule enforcementPoor CommunicationLack of team worknot clear defined job descriptionsTalents in the company not used to the best advantageNo effective Research and Development (RD)Weak ancestry ManagementHigh network distribution lossesMismanagement of resourcesOPPORTUNITIESPotential to expand (nationwide and other countries)Potential of quality power deliveryPolitical and sparing stabilityStaff training and developmentWest Africa Gas PipelineOil discovery on the coast of GhanaTHREATSGovernment InterferencesGovernment determination of TariffsFluctuations in the exchange rate sEffects of inflationNatural Disasters (i.e. rain storms)Increasing World prices of metals, materials and equipmentWEAKNESSES OF THE THREE MAIN DEPARTMENTS THAT NEEDS TO BE RESTRUCTURING BASED ON OUR ANALYSISMATERIALS AND TRANSPORT DEPARTMENTWeak Inventory ManagementUnstructured Procurement UnitIncreases in the world prices of metals, materials and equipmentMismanagement of Company resourcesEffects of inflation on local procurementFluctuation in the exchange rateOPERATIONS DEPARTMENTNo effective research and developmentHigh network distribution lossesUnreliable and low quality of power supplyInadequate training and development of operations staffInadequate staff piece RESOURCES MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENTHigh turnover of staffTalents in the Company not organism used to the best advantagePoor CommunicationLack of team workUncompetitive conditions of serviceLack of rule enforcementNo well defined job descriptionExcess labor forcestrategic ALTERNATIVES AND RECOMMENDED STRATEGIESBased on the SWOT analysis, the following strategic alternatives are recommended to bring about turnaround for the Material and Transport Directorates Human Resource Directorate and the Operations Directorate.MATERIAL AND TRANSPORT DIRECTORATEAssets Reduction StrategiesDivesting Specific Assets Assets that are in surplus with respect to the future requirements of the company should be sold off. Unproductive and old assets such as transformers, power cables, electric conductors and meters should be sold.Reducing Inventory Material costs should be reduced through improved buying practices, snap off utilization of materials and efficient inventory management. Inventory of the company such as transformers, meters, cables, conductors and wooden poles should be managed based on Vital Few Trivial galore(postnominal) Principle. This will suspensor the company to avoid holding too much inventory, which is cost to the company and also prevent the company from holding too myopic inventory which can make the company loose customers. Not only that but also, the re value level should be fixed between the maximum order level and the minimum order level to prevent the inventory from reaching the danger level.Reducing Debtors (Accounts Receivables) There should be a credit policy to help in the effective administration of the debtors. Customers credit worthiness should be well determined. Debts should be collected within 30 days. There should also be a debt recovery plan.Reducing Cost The Company should adopt Total Cost Management (TCM) control strategy as a counseling of reducing cost. There should be intelligent optimization and not just cost cutting in the areas of direct costs overheads procurement costs production costs exchange and distribution costs inventory costs personnel costs. There should be speedy execution of contract bids and procurement processes to avoid additional costs being incurred as a result of lapse of deadlines. The introduction of e-Procurement should also be used to facilitate the procurement process. The company should also enter into forward contracts to reduce costs.Debt Restructuring Arrangements should be made for third party (government) to service the debt on behalf of the enterprise. There should be selective sale of assets and the revenue that would be realized from the sale of these assets should be used to offset the debt owed to suppliers.Legal Restructuring Specific legal steps should be taken to privatize the company.HUMAN RESORCE MANAGEMENT DIRECTORATEOrganisational Restructuring There should be a merger of the engineering and operations directorates to ensure harmonization of action plans towards the achievement of corporate objectives. Information technology should also be used to make the vertical organizational structure flat. A strategic planning unit should be created and headed by a corporate strategist to lead the process of strategically put the company towards the achievement of the companys goal.Th ere should be appropriate job descriptions, specifications and schedules matching with the qualifications, experiences and skills of employees so to get the best performance out of them. Furthermore, training and development should be a routine exercise for the company. Rules and regulations should be explicit, easily accessible and discipline enforced to ensure compliance with set standards.Labour Redundancy Management should develop a Redundancy Implementation Plan considering the economic climate and political mood of the country, since the implementation of the redundancy plan could be a complex and sequence consuming process. Staff Performance Appraisals methods such as the Balanced Scorecards should be used to identify and declare non performing staff redundant. Compensation packages should be hustling for such redundant staff, and contingency plans made for unforeseen circumstances in the event of strikes.OPERATIONS DIRECTORATEPhysical Restructuring It is recommended that this Directorate should be merged with the Engineering Directorate to bring about efficiency and effectiveness. The size of budget for Research and Development should be increased. Investments in distribution networks should be increased to improve quality and reduce losses of electric power. There is also the need to improve upon the monitoring of customers consumptions to be able to detect theft of electric power. The technical staff strength should also be augmented and given the appropriate technical know-how so to be able to cope with the growing demands of the proposed merger of the Operations and Engineering Directorates.Safety equipment should be made available for the staff to use in protecting themselves in order to reduce the rate of accidents.Proposed Timeline for implementation of Turnaround strategiess lapse STRATEGIES201020112012Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Discussions with ManagementAssets ReductionReducing CostDebt RestructuringLegal RestructuringOrganisational Restruct uringLabour RedundancyPhysical RestructuringConclusionECG plays a vital role in the socio- economic development of Ghana and there is no doubt that any Turnaround would yield enormous benefits to the Ghanaian economy. Hence, for the above recommended strategies to bring about any meaningful Turnaround, it calls for commitment and support of management of ECG and the government of Ghana. Not only that but also, for efficient and effective implementation of the strategies, there is the need for expert association and advice. It is therefore hoped that the necessary support will be given for the longingd results to be realized in ECG.Privatization OptionThe public sector in Ghana has suffered setbacks which are largely attributed to ineffective and in efficient management. When we consider the case of Ghana Electricity Company, noticing the trend of losses of the company over time and the reverse to meet the objectives or purpose of its formation, in view ,it is suggested that it wo uld be better for the ECG to involve expatriates into their operations, this can be done by private sale of there dowrys to the foreign multinationals who have got the technical and financial knowhow and experience in the distribution of energy to buy into the private share of the organization ,Government should endeavor to have multinational partnership in the operation of the privatization by giving them of shares in the enterprises. There is need for good follow up on privatized enterprises. This would make the organization to be more effective and efficient in their operation. The federal Government should encourage this multinational to participation in the distribution of power in Ghana. This would be done by establishing a power sector reforms which will allow the involvement of foreign multinationals expatriates in the distribution of power. These reforms would include the provision the necessary Infrastructures which would modify the reduction in establishment costs, rati onalization of power tariff, mobilization of private capital for power generation and transmission and lower capital-power generation ratio. In order to achieve these goals, distribution companies. A State Electricity Regulatory Commission would also be also set up to monitor the operation of the company. The desire to involve the private sector in the management and provision of infrastructure and services which will prompt multinational company to buy private share of the organization. .Private placement occurs when a company makes an offering of securities not to the public, but directly to an individual or a small group of investors. Such offerings do not need to be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and are exempt from the usual reporting requirements. Private placements are generally considered a cost-effective way for small businesses to raise capital without going public through an initial public offering (IPO)The ECG should sale 49 of its shares to a multinational partner would be able to participate in the core business of energy distribution in Ghana. Also the Government should provide